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            Free, publicly-accessible full text available April 1, 2026
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            Whenever the elastic energy of a solid depends on magnetic field, there is a magnetostrictive response. Field-linear magnetostriction implies piezo- magnetism and vice versa. Here, we show that Mn3Sn, a non-collinear anti- ferromanget with Weyl nodes, hosts a large and almost perfectly linear magnetostriction even at room temperature. The longitudinal and transverse magnetostriction, with opposite signs and similar amplitude are restricted to the kagome planes and the out-of-plane response is negligibly small. By studying four different samples with different Mn:Sn ratios, we find a clear correlation between the linear magnetostriction, the spontaneous magneti- zation and the concentration of Sn vacancies. The recently reported piezo- magnetic data fits in our picture. We show that linear magnetostriction and piezomagnetism are both driven by the field-induced in-plane twist of spins. A quantitative account of the experimental data requires the distortion of the spin texture by Sn vacancies. We find that the field-induced domain nucleation within the hysteresis loop corresponds to a phase transition. Within the hys- teresis loop, a concomitant mesoscopic modulation of local strain and spin twist angles, leading to twisto-magnetic stripes, arises as a result of the com- petition between elastic and magnetic energies.more » « lessFree, publicly-accessible full text available December 1, 2025
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            ABSTRACT Nitrous oxide (N2O) reductase, the sole natural microbial sink for N2O, exists in two microbial clades:nosZI andnosZII. Although previous studies have explored inter‐clade ecological differentiation, the intra‐clade variations and their implications for N2O dynamics remain understudied. This study investigated both inter‐ and intra‐clade ecological differentiation among N2O reducers, the drivers influencing these patterns, and their effects on N2O emissions across continental‐scale river systems. The results showed that bothnosZI andnosZII community turnovers were associated with similar key environmental factors, particularly total phosphorus (TP), but these variables explained a larger proportion of variation in thenosZI community. The influence of mean annual temperature (MAT) on community composition increased for more widespread N2O‐reducing taxa. We identified distinct ecological clusters within each clade of N2O reducers and observed identical ecological clustering patterns across both clades. These clusters were primarily characterized by distinct MAT regimes, coarse sediment texture as well as low TP levels, and high abundance of N2O producers, with MAT‐related clusters constituting predominant proportions. Intra‐clade ecological differentiation was a crucial predictor of N2O flux and reduction efficiency. Although different ecological clusters showed varying or even contrasting associations with N2O dynamics, the shared ecological clusters across clades exhibited similar trends. Low‐MAT clusters in both thenosZI andnosZII communities were negatively correlated with denitrification‐normalized N2O flux and the N2O:(N2O + N2) ratio, whereas high‐MAT clusters showed positive correlations. This contrasting pattern likely stems from low‐MAT clusters being better adapted to eutrophic conditions and their more frequent co‐occurrence with N2O‐producing genes. These findings advance our understanding of the distribution and ecological functions of N2O reducers in natural ecosystems, suggesting that warming rivers may have decreased N2O reduction efficiency and thereby amplify temperature‐driven emissions.more » « less
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